When an IP Address is configured, a subnet masks is assigned along with an IP Address. Like the IP Address, the subnet masks is 32 bits long. The subnet masks signified which part of the IP Address is network and which part is host. In other hand A subnet masks is a number that definnes a range of IP Address that can be used in a network.
The subnet masks is compared to the IP Address from left ti right, bit for bit. The 1s in the subnet masks represent the network portion; the Os represent the host portion; In the example shown, the first three octets are network, and the last octet represents the host.
The subnet masks we see most often with home and small business networking are; 255.0.0.0 (8 bits ), 255.255.0.0 ( 16 bits ) and 255.255.255.0. ( decimal ) or 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 ( binary ) uses 24 bits to identify the network number which leaves 8 bits to number the hosts on that network..
11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
Network Address Masks ( 24 bits ) host (8 bits )
# with 8 host bits, there are 254 host address possible..
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